{"id":18736,"date":"2017-05-04T10:06:09","date_gmt":"2017-05-04T17:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/?page_id=18736"},"modified":"2025-05-01T07:14:21","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T14:14:21","slug":"international-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/international-research\/","title":{"rendered":"International Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"table-of-contents\">\n<h3 id=\"toc\">GUIDANCE Contents<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-unstyled\">\n<li><a href=\"#1\">Purpose and Applicability<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2\">Questions and Answers<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#2a\">When is IRB review required?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2b\">What aspects of the study does the  91探花IRB review for International Research?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2d\">What if my study falls under the Single IRB mandate?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2e\">What if my study is being reviewed by an external IRB?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2f\">Are the regulations different for International Research?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2g\">What additional regulatory reviews are needed?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2h\">Where can I locate information on foreign research regulations?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2i\">Is a local collaborator required?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2j\">What if the local site cannot obtain local review?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2k\">Are there special requirements if my study is funded by a U.S. government agency?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2l\">What are the  91探花IRB&#8217;s requirements for translating information for enrolling non-English speaking participants?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2m\">What if I want to pay or give a gift to participants in foreign countries?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2n\">What information must I provide in my IRB application regarding the Local Research Context?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2o\">What considerations are there for sending identifiable data or specimens to the U.S.?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2p\">Do Certificates of Confidentiality apply to international research?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2q\">What if I need to make a change to (modify) my research?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#3\">Other  91探花International Travel Resources and Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#4\">Other Questions?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#5\">Related Materials<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#6\">Regulatory References<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#7\">Version History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"1\">Purpose and Applicability<\/h2>\n<p>This web page provides guidance to researchers conducting international research and alerts investigators to the additional review requirements and considerations for such activities when the  91探花IRB is the IRB of record.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2\">Questions and Answers<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"2a\">When is IRB review required?<\/h3>\n<p>All human subjects research conducted by 91探花 faculty, staff, or students regardless of funding source or research location, requires prospective submission to the  91探花IRB or reliance on another domestic or commercial IRB for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/glossary\/engagement\/\">engagement<\/a> of the UW.  91探花does not rely on international IRBs.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2b\">What aspects of the study does the  91探花IRB review for International Research?<\/h3>\n<p>Per <strong>HSD policy<\/strong>, for projects with an international component,  91探花IRB reviews all activities for the proposed research project, including those conducted at international sites, that the  91探花is engaged in. For the international sites, as a courtesy the  91探花IRB generally reviews the in-country protocol to ensure it complies with U.S. regulations. Additional review by a local &#8220;in country&#8221; IRB is usually required per local regulations and the local IRB is responsible for reviewing the study for compliance with local regulations. Local review boards may be referred to as an Institutional Review Board (IRB), an Independent Ethics Committee (IEC), an Ethical Review Board (ERB) or Research Ethics Board (REB). In other words, international projects generally have review by two or more IRBs.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2d\">What if my study falls under the Single IRB mandate?<\/h3>\n<p>International sites are excluded from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/single-irb\/\">Single IRB mandate<\/a>. This means that international sites would not be required to rely on a Single IRB. If the  91探花IRB will be the IRB of record for all the domestic sites in a project, you should obtain IRB review of the international components as described in this guidance. If all the domestic sites will be reviewed by a non- 91探花IRB, you should obtain IRB review of the international components as described in that non- 91探花IRB\u2019s policies and procedures relating to international research. However, if the non- 91探花IRB will not review the international aspects of the study for compliance with U.S. regulations the  91探花IRB can review the international aspects for compliance with the U.S. regulations as a courtesy for  91探花investigators.  <\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2e\">What if my study is being reviewed by an external IRB (for example, Advarra)?<\/h3>\n<p>You should follow that IRB&#8217;s policies and procedures about the IRB review of international research. However, if the external IRB will not review the international aspects of the study for compliance with U.S. regulations the  91探花IRB can review the international aspects for compliance with the U.S. regulations as a courtesy for  91探花investigators.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2f\">Are the regulations different for International Research?<\/h3>\n<p>The 91探花 IRB applies the U.S. &#8220;Common Rule&#8221; human subjects regulations (i.e., 45 CFR 46) to all projects, international and domestic, except as allowed by the HSD Flexibility Policy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/policies\/guidance-authority-and-responsibilities-of-hsd-and-uw-irb\/\">GUIDANCE Authority and Responsibilities of HSD and  91探花IRB<\/a>). Other U.S. regulations are applied as required (e.g., FDA, EPA, DoD). The IRB applies the same ethical and regulatory standards to international research as to domestic research as well as the same  91探花policies and procedures for the conduct of research. This is separate, and in addition to any regulatory or other reviews (e.g., local IRB, government agency) required at the location where research is conducted.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2g\">What additional regulatory reviews are needed?<\/h3>\n<p>When research is conducted outside the United States, investigators must comply with both the U.S. regulations and with the local policies, permissions and regulations governing the international research site.<\/p>\n<p>It can take time to identify and navigate the local requirements. If possible, enlist a local collaborator to help you address that site&#8217;s requirements and assist in identifying who to contact and what is required to obtain ethics reviews and permissions to conduct research at that international site.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2h\">Where can I locate information on foreign research regulations for the specific country where I plan to conduct research?<\/h3>\n<p>Investigators can begin to educate themselves about applicable foreign research regulations for a specific country with the resources below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ohrp\/international\/compilation-human-research-standards\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Compilation of Human Research Standards<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2i\">Is a local collaborator required?<\/h3>\n<p>Investigators are strongly encouraged to collaborate with an individual or organization with expertise in the region. This collaboration will greatly assist in identifying appropriate research sites, navigating the local regulations and policies, understanding culture, local infrastructure, overcoming language barriers and increasing community partnership.<\/p>\n<p>Based on study location and risk level, the IRB may <strong>require<\/strong> documentation of a local site collaborator. This may be necessary to ensure the project meets the IRB approval criteria related to adequate resources and expertise, appropriate subject protections, and an adequate consent process.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2j\">What if the local site cannot obtain local review?<\/h3>\n<p>There may be no local functioning review board. In these circumstances the  91探花IRB may require, depending upon study location and risk level, a letter of cooperation or permission from an appropriate local institutional or oversight official. This is sometimes called <em>site permission<\/em> or a <em>letter of invitation<\/em>. This letter needs to be written by an individual <strong>completely independent of your study<\/strong> who is highly familiar with the culture of the region where the research will be conducted. Required elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reference the title of the study displayed in the IRB application<\/li>\n<li>Describe the expertise of the individual preparing the letter to address the local cultural and social norms<\/li>\n<li>Confirm they understand the intent of the research and activities to be performed<\/li>\n<li>Confirm the planned study does not conflict with local and cultural norms<\/li>\n<li>Document is signed and dated<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2k\">Are there special requirements if my study is funded by a U.S. government agency (example: NIH, CDC)?<\/h3>\n<p>If the research is funded by the U.S. government, then each foreign institution that is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ohrp\/regulations-and-policy\/guidance\/guidance-on-engagement-of-institutions\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">engaged<\/a> in the research must hold and\/or obtain a valid Federal Wide Assurance (FWA) with OHRP and these institutions must review and conduct research in compliance with the applicable U.S. federal regulations. The  91探花investigator is responsible for ensuring that all engaged international sites hold an FWA and that the research is approved by an IRB or Ethics Committee.<\/p>\n<p>These are common examples of when an institution is &#8220;engaged&#8221; in human research:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Institutions whose employees or agents obtain the <em>informed consent<\/em> of human subjects for the research.<\/li>\n<li>Institutions whose employees or agents obtain for research purposes <em>identifiable private information<\/em> of <em>identifiable biological specimens<\/em> from any source for the research (even if the institution&#8217;s employees or agents do not directly interact or intervene with human subjects).<\/li>\n<li>Institutions whose employees or agents intervene for research purposes with any human subjects of the research by performing <em>invasive or noninvasive procedures<\/em>, or by <em>manipulating the subject&#8217;s environment<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Information on FWAs can be found at OHRP&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ohrp\/register-irbs-and-obtain-fwas\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Register IRBs &amp; Obtain FWAs<\/a> page.<\/p>\n<p>Issues of engagement, FWAs, and local site requirements can be complex. Please contact <a href=\"mailto:hsdinfo@uw.edu\">hsdinfo@uw.edu<\/a> if you have specific questions or concerns.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2l\">What are the  91探花IRB&#8217;s requirements for translated and\/or interpreted information and documents for enrolling non-English speaking participants?<\/h3>\n<p>Researchers must have a plan to manage communications with non-English-speaking participants during all phases of study participation. Because participants may have questions or concerns at any time, investigators must be prepared to manage communication beyond the consent process and data collection.<\/p>\n<p>Review the section on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/consent\/#8a\">Anticipated involvement of subjects with limited English proficiency<\/a> in HSD&#8217;s Consent\u00a0guidance for full details.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2m\">What additional information must I provide in my IRB application if I want to pay or give a gift to participants in foreign countries?<\/h3>\n<p>Researchers should first find out whether the laws and regulations of the foreign country permit research participants to receive gifts or monetary compensation for research participation. If yes, researchers must describe in their  91探花IRB application the planned amount of compensation in both  91探花and foreign currency. To prevent undue influence from inappropriately high levels of compensation, as well as inappropriately low levels of compensation, information about the average daily wage in the country must also be provided. For more information, review HSD&#8217;s guidance on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/subject-payment\/\">Subject Payment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2n\">What information must I provide in my IRB application regarding the Local Research Context?<\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Local context&#8221; means information about the local regulations, policies, relevant cultural norms, and relevant local cultural\/religious\/social sensitivities. The  91探花IRB must be provided with sufficient knowledge about the local research context to ensure that adequate protections are in place and ethical research conduct occurs in that geographic location. Local context information is provided to the IRB in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/forms-and-templates\/zipline-application-irb-protocol\/\">IRB Protocol form<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><strong>Research Sites<\/strong>. Identify all countries where the research will be conducted.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cultural Context<\/strong>. Describe site-specific cultural issues, customs, beliefs, sensitivities, or values that may affect the research, how it is conducted, or how consent is obtained or documented.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Local Rules and Requirements<\/strong>. Describe any local laws and requirements that may affect the research (especially the research design, consent procedures, and use of biospecimens). The most common examples are laws about:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\">\n<li><strong>Specimens<\/strong> \u2013 for example, some countries will not allow biospecimens to be taken out of the country.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Age of consent<\/strong> \u2013 laws about when an individual is considered old enough to be able to provide consent vary from country to country.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Legally authorized representative<\/strong> \u2013 laws about who can serve as a legally authorized representatives (and who has priority when more than one person is available) vary between countries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mandatory reporting<\/strong> \u2013 some countries have laws requiring reporting of specific conditions or behaviors (for example, child abuse or serious criminal behaviors) to local authorities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Language and Literacy<\/strong>. The IRB reviews the process that will be used to ensure that: (1) the oral and written information provided to participants during the consent process and throughout the study will be in a language readily understandable to them; and (2) at an appropriate reading\/comprehension level for written materials (e.g., consent forms, questionnaires). More information can be found at the section on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/consent\/#8\">Subjects With Limited English Proficiency<\/a> in HSD&#8217;s consent guidance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Subject payment<\/strong>. How your planned payments or gifts to subjects compare with the local economic situation and average wage.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2o\">What considerations are there for sending identifiable data or specimens to the U.S.?<\/h3>\n<p>Researchers are strongly encouraged to collaborate with an individual or organization with expertise in this topic.<\/p>\n<p>Some countries place restrictions on bringing identifiable data into\/out of the country. The European Union, for example, has laws surrounding what kind of identifiable information can be provided by participants in Europe and brought to the United States. Data export laws and U.S. export control laws [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/myresearch-lifecycle\/setup\/compliance-requirements-non-financial\/export-control-measures\/\">https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/myresearch-lifecycle\/setup\/compliance-requirements-non-financial\/export-control-measures\/<\/a>] may also affect your research in countries with which the U.S. has embargoes or trade restrictions, such as Iran. These laws may also affect which technology you can bring into the country.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2p\">Do Certificates of Confidentiality apply to international research?<\/h3>\n<p>U.S. federal Certificates of Confidentiality will be issued to researchers for applicable research regardless of the country where the investigator or the protected information resides. However, Certificates of Confidentiality may not be effective for data held in foreign countries. Review the guidance on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/coc\/\">Certificate of Confidentiality<\/a> for more information and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/consent\/templates\/\"> 91探花Consent templates<\/a> for appropriate consent form language.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"2q\">What if I need to make a change to (modify) my research?<\/h3>\n<p>All revisions or modifications to an approved study must be reviewed and approved by all reviewing IRBs prior to implementing the change(s), regardless of the location of research. Changes that are required by local IRBs or communities must be submitted to the  91探花IRB prior to implementing the changes.<\/p>\n<p>The only exception is for changes or actions that are &#8220;necessary to eliminate apparent immediate hazards to the subject&#8221;. If this does happen, regulations require you to report the actions taken to the IRB within 10 working days (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/study-activities\/report-events-and-new-information\/guide-to-reporting-new-information\/\">Guide to Reporting New Information<\/a>).<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"3\">Other  91探花International Travel Resources and Requirements<\/h2>\n<p>While the personal safety of  91探花employees and students conducting research outside the United States is not the responsibility of the IRB, there are relevant resources available on campus that can be helpful for other institutional requirements. For example, if students will conduct research in other countries, they must register with the  91探花Office of Global Affairs.<\/p>\n<p>A  91探花Travel Waiver may be required for travel to certain countries: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.washington.edu\/globalaffairs\/global-travelers\/warnings-waivers\/#myanchor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list of countries<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"4\">What if I have questions?<\/h2>\n<p>Contact HSD Info <a href=\"mailto:hsdinfo@uw.edu\">hsdinfo@uw.edu<\/a> if you have questions about preparing your IRB application or about conducting International Research.<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"5\">Related Materials<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/forms-and-templates\/zipline-application-irb-protocol\/\">APPLICATION IRB Protocol<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/glossary\/engagement\/\">GLOSSARY Engagement<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/policies\/guidance-authority-and-responsibilities-of-hsd-and-uw-irb\/\">GUIDANCE Authority and Responsibilities of HSD and  91探花IRB<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/coc\/\">GUIDANCE Certificate of Confidentiality<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/consent\/\">GUIDANCE Consent<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/subject-payment\/\">GUIDANCE Subject Payment<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/consent\/templates\/\"> 91探花Consent Templates<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/study-activities\/report-events-and-new-information\/guide-to-reporting-new-information\/\">WEBPAGE Guide to Reporting New Information<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/single-irb\/\">WEBPAGE Single IRB<\/a><\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"6\">Regulatory References<\/h2>\n<p>45 CFR 46<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"#toc\">Back to Table of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"7\">Version Information<\/h2>\n<p>Open the accordion below for version changes to this guidance.<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion \" id=\"accordion\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Version History<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color: #4b2e83; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Version Number<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #4b2e83; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Posted Date<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #4b2e83; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Implementation Date<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #4b2e83; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Change Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.3<\/td>\n<td>05.01.2025<\/td>\n<td>05.01.2025<\/td>\n<td>Clarifications about multi-institutional review; remove information about Fogarty Fellows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.2<\/td>\n<td>02.29.2024<\/td>\n<td>02.29.2024<\/td>\n<td>Add reference to process for requesting a grant certification letter for Fogarty funding<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.1<\/td>\n<td>03.31.2022<\/td>\n<td>03.31.2022<\/td>\n<td>Remove information about translation and interpretation; refer instead to GUIDANCE Consent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.0<\/td>\n<td>10.08.2021<\/td>\n<td>10.08.2021<\/td>\n<td>New Guidance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: International<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GUIDANCE Contents Purpose and Applicability Questions and Answers When is IRB review required? What aspects of the study does the  91探花IRB review for International Research?&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":40122,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/page-builder-units-small-hero.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18736","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>International Research -  91探花Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/research\/hsd\/guidance\/international-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"International Research -  91探花Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"GUIDANCE Contents Purpose and Applicability Questions and Answers When is IRB review required? 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