A new study demonstrates the challenge facing the nation in carrying out the goal President Bush announced last month to give every young child a jump on literacy.
The workforce the nation must rely on to boost early learning 鈥� 2.3 million people who are paid to take care of America鈥檚 preschoolers and make sure they are prepared to learn in school 鈥� are detailed in the study.
Two-thirds of this vast workforce lacks college training, and finding qualified new recruits will take a huge national investment, say the authors of the study, which was commissioned by the federal government to provide a more thorough and accurate analysis of the nation鈥檚 child-care workforce.
The findings show that millions of caregivers will need training if children are to get a start toward literacy, said co-author Richard Brandon, director of the Human Services Policy Center at the UW鈥檚 Evans School of Public Affairs.
Early learning was one of the few goals unrelated to terrorism that were mentioned in Bush鈥檚 State of the Union speech, and last month he laid out a $45 million plan to strengthen the federal role and spread public awareness.
The new study, however, shows that about half of America鈥檚 child-care providers take care of toddlers age 18-36 months, suggesting that caregiving and teaching skills for that group should also become a major focus of professional training.
鈥淐hildren devour learning at that age,鈥� Brandon said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 crucial that the people taking care of them be as qualified as possible, and we鈥檙e facing a shortage of qualified caregivers.鈥�
Unlike certified K-12 teachers, child-care workers have been hard to track. States vary in how they count them 鈥� especially home-based providers and paid relatives. Instead of relying on state reporting and other partial tallies, the researchers drew on the 1999 National Household Education Survey, in which parents in 6,939 households described in detail their usage of child-care services.
鈥淢ore complete counts were needed to ensure that appropriate resources are available as policymakers develop initiatives to improve skills and quality,鈥� said study co-author Marci Young of the Center for the Child Care Workforce, a Washington, D.C. research and advocacy group.
The researchers found that 2.3 million people are paid to care for children 0鈥�5, a number substantially larger than estimates derived from previous Bureau of Labor Statistics and Census Bureau surveys, which ranged from 700,000 to 1.7 million caregivers for all children through age 12.
Many of the previously uncounted workers are relatives paid as regular caregivers 鈥� often full time 鈥� but often unlicensed. The researchers said this group makes up a full third of the child-care workforce. Overall, child care is one of the fastest-growing occupations of the decade, according to the Labor Department 鈥� a distinction shared with computer programmers and nurses.
鈥淭he economic and social contribution of child-care workers and the projected future need for them has been seriously underestimated,鈥� Brandon said.
Brandon and Young 鈥� along with 91探花colleague Erin Maher and Alice Burton, Marcy Whitebook, Dan Bellm and Claudia Wayne of the Center for the Child Care Workforce 鈥� conducted the $249,000, two-year study with a grant from the Child Care Bureau of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration on Children, Youth and Families.
The study is available online at and .