The number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) older adults in Seattle and King County is expected to double by 2030, and they face higher risks of disability, poor health, mental distress and isolation 鈥� along with a social service sector unequipped to deal with their needs.
That鈥檚 the conclusion of a study released Oct. 6 and led by professor and colleagues at the The study identifies widespread social and health disparities experienced by LGBTQ older adults in Seattle and King County who, Fredriksen-Goldsen said, have unique needs and multiple barriers to accessing appropriate care.
鈥淟GBTQ older adults face very high levels of victimization and discrimination, which increase their risk of significant social and health disparities,鈥� said Fredriksen-Goldsen, a 91探花professor of social work and director of the school鈥檚 Hartford Center for Excellence.
鈥淭he obstacles and inequalities they face can jeopardize their health in later life and make them reluctant to seek out aging and other support services.鈥�
The study surveyed 203 LGBTQ people aged 50 to 85 in Seattle and King County and found that:
- More than two-thirds of participants have experienced three or more incidents of victimization in their lifetimes; almost 70 percent had been verbally assaulted and 40 percent threatened with physical violence.
- More than one in five participants visited the emergency room in the previous year.
- Despite the majority of respondents being college graduates, nearly one-quarter were living below 200 percent of the federal poverty level.
- Participants were at high risk of social isolation 鈥� more than 45 percent live alone.
- Most human service providers lack adequate training to serve LGBTQ older adults; 16 percent of participants reported being denied services or given inferior care based on their actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity.
- One in six participants were fearful of obtaining services outside the LGBTQ community.
One of the main barriers facing LGBTQ older adults is a lack of service providers skilled at understanding them and their particular needs, Fredriksen-Goldsen said.
鈥淢any providers lack the communication skills to talk with LGBTQ older adults about their lives,鈥� she said. 鈥淔or example, if a transgender older adult needs nursing home care, the staff often has no idea how to treat the person respectfully and ensure appropriate care.
鈥淪o LGBTQ older adults are often reluctant to seek services and may be forced back into the closet, because they don鈥檛 know if they鈥檙e going to have culturally appropriate providers.鈥�
And while societal awareness about LGBTQ people has increased dramatically in the past few decades, Fredriksen-Goldsen said the older members of that population remain largely invisible.
鈥淧eople don鈥檛 think they exist,鈥� she said. 鈥淲hen they think of LGBTQ people, they think of young people. What we often hear from providers is, 鈥業 really want to help support those people, but we don鈥檛 have any of them here.鈥欌��
On the upside, the survey found that despite their challenging circumstances, many LGBTQ older adults have developed supportive communities and 90 percent were satisfied with their lives. The majority exercised regularly, and nearly half attended religious services or participated in spiritual activities.
The study is part of a , The National Health, Aging and Sexuality Study: Caring and Aging with Pride over Time, that聽Fredriksen-Goldsen and colleagues are conducting.聽Launched in 2010, the聽project involves surveying more than 2,400 LGBTQ adults aged 50 to 99 across the United States and is the first聽nationwide longitudinal study examining the health and well-being of LGBTQ aging adults.
While Seattle is known as one of the most progressive cities in the country, Fredriksen-Goldsen said it is surprisingly lacking in services for aging LGBTQ people. Accordingly, she is leading a proposal to develop and test an evidence-based training program for health and human services professionals in Seattle and King County. The one-year pilot program would provide support, resources and referrals for LGBTQ older adults and their families and caregivers, and would aim to train 100 practitioners.
Seattle City Councilmember Tom Rasmussen is proposing that the city provide half the cost of funding for the program, or $75,000. The remainder would be provided in-kind by Aging with Pride. Rasmussen鈥檚 proposal must still be approved by the city council and Mayor Ed Murray.
The pilot program would increase the knowledge and skills of service providers and could translate to a significant improvement in the quality of care provided to LGBTQ aging adults, Fredriksen-Goldsen said.
鈥淎s Seattle and King County鈥檚 population ages and becomes increasingly diverse, there is a growing need for providers who are trained to work with LGBTQ older adults,鈥� she said. 鈥淭his initiative is an important first step in helping to address that need.鈥�
Finding from the study can be found in the report .鈥� Report co-authors are 91探花School of Social Work research associate Chengshi Shiu, research scientist Hyun-Jun Kim, professor Charles Emlet and project manager Jayn Goldsen.
The study is funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute on Aging. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AG026526 (Fredriksen-Goldsen, PI).